Agricultural and forestry science and technology innovation achievements have significantly increased food production

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Entrusted by the State Council, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu made a report on the agricultural and forestry science and technology innovation work at the 25th meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. According to the report, in 2015, the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress was 56%, the contribution rate of forestry science and technology progress was 48%, and the main crop varieties were fully covered. The utilization rate of main afforestation species was 61%, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of main crops was 63.8%. Coverage rate is 21.66%.

Agricultural and forestry science and technology innovation achievements have significantly increased food production

New professional farmers have reached 12.72 million

The series of figures listed by Han Changfu in the report will enable the results of agricultural and forestry science and technology innovation to be more intuitive.

The new super rice variety of 100 mu has achieved a yield of 1026.7 kg per mu, and the new hybrid maize variety of 100 mu has achieved an area of ​​1151.65 kg per mu. These major technical reserves have laid a solid foundation for the “Tibet Grain Technology”.

The proportion of livestock and poultry aquatic products improved and localized has increased year by year, and the localization rate of laying hens has exceeded 50%.

The grain production achieved a historic “twelve consecutive increase”. In 2015, the grain yield per mu was 76.7 kg higher than that in 2003. In some places, the application rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been zero or negative, and the coverage of major crop pests and diseases has reached 24.2%. The anti-ruling rate reached 34.2%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of straw exceeded 80%.

The pass rate of routine monitoring of vegetables, livestock and poultry products and aquatic products reached over 96%.

Construction of two major scientific projects on crop genetic resources and biosafety, as well as 38 national key laboratories such as rice biology and forest genetics and breeding; establishment of 33 comprehensive laboratories and 224 specialized (regional) key experiments The laboratory is the backbone of the agricultural research system based on 269 observation and test stations; 246 national agricultural science and technology parks and 161 national forestry standardization demonstration zones have been built.

In recent years, the central government has invested a total of nearly 6 billion yuan to build 30,000 township agricultural and forestry technology extension institutions. The central government invests 2.6 billion yuan in subsidies every year to support the promotion of grassroots agricultural technology.

The focus is on training for young farmers, large-scale breeding households, agricultural machine operators, backbones of farmers' cooperatives, and migrant workers returning home. The number of new professional farmers has reached 12.72 million.

In-depth implementation of the National IP Strategy Action Plan and the publication of a list of 316 species of new varieties of agricultural and forestry plants.

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"China's agricultural and forestry development has entered a new stage of relying more on scientific and technological progress." Han Changfu said.

Who is going to plant the land?

Han Changfu also pointed out that although agricultural and forestry science and technology innovation has achieved great results, from the perspective of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and promoting the modernization of agriculture and forestry, we will promote structural reforms in agriculture and forestry, promote green development, and improve quality and competitiveness. In terms of new tasks, there are still significant gaps.

The supply of agriculture and forestry science and technology is not compatible with the need to accelerate the development of modern agroforestry.

The accumulation of basic scientific and technological work is insufficient. China still lacks systematic observation and monitoring of agricultural and forestry biological resources, soil and water quality, and terrestrial ecological functions. The number of important resources is unclear. The core key technology is insufficiently supplied. New technologies in terms of cost-effectiveness, quality and safety, and environmental protection are still lacking in reserves. Advanced machinery and equipment and some important livestock and poultry varieties have long relied on imports. The technical support for major issues such as the protection of black land in Northeast China, the treatment of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land in the south, the control of groundwater over-exploitation funnel in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the prevention and control of regional agricultural non-point source pollution are not enough. Cutting-edge and breakthrough technology are not enough. In the fields of agriculture and forestry biotechnology, engineering technology, information technology, etc., there is still a certain gap with developed countries.

The management mechanism of agriculture and forestry science and technology is not compatible with the requirements of stimulating vitality and raising rate.

The investment mechanism needs to be improved. The input structure of basic research, application development and achievement transformation needs further coordination and optimization, and the investment mechanism of stable support and moderate competition needs to be further improved. The division of labor coordination mechanism needs to be improved. The problem of general coarse and homogenous development of the main body of innovation still exists. The problem of low level of scientific research is serious, and the overall efficiency of technological innovation and transformation is still not high. The evaluation incentive mechanism needs to be improved. The evaluation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements that is conducive to the enhancement of industrial competitiveness and the incentive mechanism that is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel are still not perfect. There are still problems such as “light application of light papers, heavy quantity and light quality”.

The construction of agricultural and forestry science and technology talents is not compatible with the challenges of international science and technology competition.

The construction of scientific and technological innovation talents lags behind. There are not many talents in emerging disciplines, and there are not many leading talents with international influence in frontier disciplines and basic fields. The construction of agricultural and forestry technology promotion talent team lags behind. One-quarter of the grassroots agricultural technology extension personnel do not have technical titles, and only 35% of the personnel under the age of 35, and the agricultural technology extension service capacity that is compatible with the requirements of agricultural marketization, informationization, and large-scale development needs to be further improved. The construction of the agricultural and forestry practical talent team is lagging behind. The structural quality of agriculture and forestry labor force has declined, and the aging has accelerated. The local experts and the wealthy experts who are rooted at the grassroots level are lacking. The question of "who will plant the land" and "who will come to the forest" is still outstanding.

Promote the reform of agricultural and forestry science and technology system

"By continuous efforts, by 2020, the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress will reach 60%, the contribution rate of forestry science and technology progress will reach 55%, the utilization rate of main afforestation species will reach 75%, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of main crops will reach 70%. Forest cover The rate reached 23.04%." Han Changfu pointed out when referring to the goals of the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.

In order to achieve the above objectives, Han Changfu said that he will focus on the following tasks, including: highlighting the problem orientation, promoting the reform of the agricultural and forestry science and technology system; strengthening the supply of agriculture and forestry science and technology based on the needs of modern agricultural development and ecological construction; focusing on market demand and accelerating Transformation and promotion of scientific and technological achievements; strengthening intellectual support and promoting the construction of modern agricultural and forestry talents. Increase support and improve the level of agricultural and forestry science and technology work.