1. The establishment of an electric vehicle charging system is a complex system engineering, unlike conventional fuel vehicles.
The fuel supply of fuel vehicles does not depend on the transportation of fuel, and the charging of electric vehicles must depend on the power grid, so that electric vehicles and power grids become an inseparable whole. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically consider the establishment of the charging system, not only to consider User needs, but also to consider the limitations of the power system. The charging of electric vehicles is adjustable in time and space. Therefore, the system design is good and can achieve a win-win situation. Electric vehicles are not only the burden of the power grid, but become an important flexible load of the power grid. In summary, electric vehicle charging and fuel vehicle refueling have different characteristics, electric vehicle charging system is dynamic, and fuel vehicle gas station system is static. In China, it is necessary to fully consider the current situation of the distribution network and the difficulty of transformation of distribution networks in large and medium-sized cities, and establish a power supply mode that adapts to the distribution network in China. It is necessary to take into account the different power grids in China's large, medium and small cities, towns and villages.
2. Information technology is profoundly changing the lives of human beings. Power grids, electric vehicles (autopilots), road traffic (ITS), and distributed renewable energy will eventually be integrated through information technology to achieve optimal use of energy and intelligent command of transportation.
3. For the charging of electric vehicles, the unification of standards is crucial. At present, there are four main types of global charging interface standards, namely European standards, North American standards, Japanese standards and Chinese standards. The recently launched "Sino-German Electric Vehicle Charging Project" shows that China and Germany hope to achieve the unification of electric vehicle charging interface standards, and the two sides will also sign a charging communication protocol to finally realize the complete sharing of charging facilities. It can be foreseen that starting from the unified charging standard, it can promote comprehensive and in-depth cooperation between the electric vehicle industry in China and Germany, and will also promote the sharing of the Central European market between the two countries. Developing electric vehicles requires a broader openness to seek broader cooperation. I believe that China's relevant industrial sectors will have great gains in the process of cooperation with Germany, including: key component technology, product production process and control, infrastructure standardization, supporting policies and regulations.
4. As a charging interface problem at the implementation level, whether it is CCS (European Union standard) or the national standard that is being revised now, this problem is not very big, as long as the national standard is set carefully enough, there is no ambiguity in implementation, just like CCS. Can meet the charging needs of electric vehicles. The current dispute between China and Germany on the charging interface is mainly due to the fact that the national standard is not detailed enough, and the revised national standard is already considering this aspect.
5. Imagine that electric vehicles will dominate in the future, V2G technology is widely adopted, with distributed energy storage, centralized energy storage, distributed generation, and the construction of active distribution networks based on tiered energy storage, which will greatly improve distribution. The reliability and power supply reliability of the network, the terminal active distribution network of the smart grid will realize a highly autonomous, widely interconnected power Internet. If the gas, cold storage and heating are comprehensively controlled, the prototype of the future energy Internet will be formed.
6. Electric vehicle charging is a complex system engineering, and science, technology, engineering, industry, business model and marketization need to be integrated. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the combination of government, production, learning and research. From the national policy, the research of colleges and universities, the formation of industry, the innovative business model, etc., to achieve the purpose of users can afford, use it conveniently, use it reliably, and use it with confidence. In this regard, Beijing Jiaotong University has accumulated certain experience in battery intelligent management systems and active distribution networks. State Grid, China Southern Power Grid, China Electric Power Research Institute and NARI Group have also invested heavily in charging facilities, which is expected to form China's powerful electric vehicle charging facility industry and system. I believe that in order to implement the cooperation between the electric vehicle charging projects in China and Germany, a special working group should be set up, and there must be people from all relevant parties involved.
7. In terms of the combination of production, study and research, I think the experience of the EU is worth learning. In the scientific research of major EU projects, some basic principles are worthy of reference. For example, in the EU electric vehicle project, there must be more than three countries involved. Members must have the participation of automobile manufacturers, battery and parts suppliers, power grid companies, universities and local governments, and attach importance to standardization. Make scientific research results can be implemented throughout Europe. Their proposed power system networking and information system networking enable electric vehicles to be recharged in any country in the European Union. It is also worth learning from in the management of scientific research systems. For example, the declaration, evaluation, supervision, appraisal, promotion and application of projects can follow the principles of science, brainstorm and promote democracy. The leaders of European governments attach great importance to the scientific research projects approved by the European Union. At the EU electric vehicle project report meeting attended by my assistants, German Chancellor Merkel personally cares that the relevant ministers of Germany and the EU personally listen to the first-line technicians. Reporting, and occasionally visit the site to supervise the progress of related projects and professional project management personnel regularly review the progress of the project, their on-site supervision is random, without prior notice, so there is no possibility of packaging.
8. German electric vehicle advantages and experience: Standard unified and interoperable, mainly for the interface of automobiles and infrastructure, with strong security and reliable technology. It can bring German experience and problem-solving solutions and industrial experience to China: The process of standard setting is to test whether the products pass the test and whether they can be assured of the market.
9. In the European Union, the grid parameters are similar and the management methods are similar. Although each grid company has its own property rights, all of them need to go online, connect to the grid, transmit and sell through the standards of the European and German standards committees.
10. The German grid and China's grid frequency are consistent, which means that in the utilization of the grid, no additional facilities are needed for frequency conversion, which improves stability and saves power conversion costs. This is also in the cooperation of electric vehicle charging projects, Sino-German cooperation compared to the advantages of Sino-US cooperation and Sino-Japanese cooperation. The power grid property rights and standards in the United States are decentralized and regionalized. Non-uniformity is also not conducive to coordinated management of the power grid. It is inconsistent with China's grid frequency, so related power products require additional accessories to assist in normal operation.
11. Germany's electric vehicle charging is now based on the EU's combinedchargingsystem. This system standard is compatible with DC and AC charging methods. The owner does not need to distinguish whether the interface is DC or AC, and direct charging. China's current charging standard, the slow charging standard is similar to that of Germany, but the fast charging is inconsistent, so the German car can not be realized on the public charging pile of the State Grid. In terms of fast charging, what needs to be solved is also the standard problem of fast charging. However, in the world, the EU, the United States, and Japan all have their own fast charging standards, so whether China should reconcile this standard with Europe is also a discussion now. problem. In addition, the main problem is that fast charging requires the assistance of the communication protocol. China uses CANBUS, Europe uses PLC, and the communication protocol needs to be adjusted.
12. Recently, wireless charging has also made great progress, and has been demonstrated in the UK, continental Europe, Japan, and China. The main benefits of wireless charging are: (1) reducing the car battery; (2) charging bit distribution, low pressure on the grid; (3) parking is charging, will not forget to charge. The main technical indicators of wireless charging are: charging power, charging distance, and charging efficiency. China ZTE has reached the world's leading position in this respect, charging power 30 kW, charging distance 20 cm, charging efficiency 90%.
13. I often say that the success of promoting electric vehicles depends on three factors: good products, good business models, and good infrastructure. To make consumers affordable, easy to use, and comfortable to use. Promoting standardization will undoubtedly help achieve these goals. The investment is definitely huge, but it can be reduced by the overall strategy, step-by-step implementation, and easy and difficult. But I think the biggest resistance is not the pressure of funds, but the compromise of the interests of all parties. The electric vehicle industry includes different participants. There are car companies, power grid companies, parts suppliers, governments, and most important consumers. All parties have their own interests, and many appeals are still conflicting. It is a must for all parties to compromise and cooperate sincerely. As long as this can be done, other problems are not great.
However, I still want to emphasize that on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, cooperation with advanced countries is very necessary, and must not be ruined or squandered. But we must also clearly understand that technology cannot be exchanged for the market, and we must cooperate with innovation to develop China's core technology.
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