On the 12th, at the relevant preparatory meeting organized by the National Development and Reform Commission's Price Supervision and Inspection and Anti-Monopoly Bureau, China officially launched the research and drafting of the anti-monopoly guide for the automobile industry (hereinafter referred to as the “Guideâ€). The relevant person in charge of the Price Supervision Bureau of the Development and Reform Commission said that the formulation of the guidelines will promote the further normalization and institutionalization of anti-monopoly law enforcement.
It is reported that the contents of the guidelines accompanying the Anti-Monopoly Law will cover intellectual property abuse, auto industry anti-monopoly regulation, leniency system, exemption procedures, suspension of investigation procedures, and calculation of fines.
The relevant person in charge of the Price Supervision Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission stated at the meeting that after the introduction of the anti-monopoly guidelines for the automobile industry in the future, it will provide operators with clearer behavior guidance and reasonable expectations, and promote operators to actively abide by the Anti-Monopoly Law. Promote effective competition in China's auto market. At the same time, the guide will promote transparency of law enforcement and guarantee the right of defense of the companies under investigation.
The person in charge said that the anti-monopoly case is complicated and must adhere to the analysis of case-seeking truth. The guide will combine the development stage and actual situation of the Chinese market and draw on the experience of other countries.
The reporter learned that in the working procedures, the National Development and Reform Commission will entrust relevant parties to carry out targeted research. After the preliminary draft is formed, the National Development and Reform Commission will extensively solicit opinions from relevant parties. On the basis of full research and argumentation, a mature draft will be formed and will be released by the State Council Anti-Monopoly Committee after discussion and adoption in accordance with legal procedures.
In recent years, the National Development and Reform Commission has conducted in-depth anti-monopoly investigation and enforcement of the automobile industry, involving a large number of Chinese and foreign automakers, upstream suppliers and authorized dealers. At present, it has been determined that certain enterprises have monopolistic behaviors and have made a series of punishment decisions according to law. The companies that have been punished include 12 Japanese auto parts and bearing manufacturers, FAW-Volkswagen-Audi and dealers, Chrysler and dealers, Mercedes-Benz and dealers, and BMW dealers. Currently, several cases are still under investigation.
Cobalt-based alloy powders are commonly used in plasma transfer arc welding (PTAW) due to their excellent high-temperature properties and resistance to wear and corrosion. These alloys are typically composed of cobalt as the base metal, with various alloying elements such as chromium, tungsten, nickel, and carbon added to enhance specific properties.
The use of cobalt-based alloy powders in PTAW offers several advantages, including:
1. High-temperature strength: Cobalt-based alloys exhibit excellent strength and resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures, making them suitable for welding applications that involve high heat.
2. Wear resistance: These alloys have a high hardness and resistance to wear, making them ideal for welding applications where the welded parts are subjected to abrasive or erosive conditions.
3. Corrosion resistance: Cobalt-based alloys offer good resistance to corrosion, making them suitable for welding applications in aggressive environments, such as those involving chemicals or saltwater.
4. Thermal conductivity: Cobalt-based alloys have good thermal conductivity, allowing for efficient heat transfer during welding and reducing the risk of heat-affected zone (HAZ) defects.
5. Compatibility with other materials: Cobalt-based alloys can be easily welded to a wide range of base metals, including stainless steels, nickel alloys, and other cobalt-based alloys, providing versatility in welding applications.
To use cobalt-based alloy powders for PTAW, the powder is typically fed into the plasma arc using a powder feeder. The powder is then melted by the high-temperature plasma arc and deposited onto the workpiece, forming a weld bead. The specific welding parameters, such as arc current, travel speed, and powder feed rate, will depend on the specific alloy and application requirements.
It is important to note that the selection of the cobalt-based alloy powder should be based on the specific welding application and the desired properties of the final weld. Different cobalt-based a
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